Monday 5 December 2011
Business to consumer transactions
In any e-business category, a business to consumer transaction or B2C
transaction is the end transaction of a business chain. Any business
manufactures products for its consumers. The business may be a retailer, a
wholesaler or even a drop-shipper. These transactions involve sale of goods to
the consumers and wherever required, maintenance of goods sold. The transactions
involve both the sale of goods and services. There are a lot of companies that
cater directly to the consumers through websites. This way, a company can cater
to more consumers simultaneously and the consumers can also get the goods and
services without having to wait for a long time.
Consumer to consumer transactions
Consumer to consumer kind of e-business, called C2C business for short is the
kind of e-business wherein a consumer sells products online to another consumer.
In other words, the seller is not the manufacturer of the products. This kind of
transactions may have further variations. Online auctions and sales are examples
of a consumer to consumer e-business. This kind of transaction is carried out
via an intermediary channel like a website. In this system, one consumer puts
his goods up for sale in the website; another consumer sees the goods in the
website and buys it from the website. In the whole process, the websites gets
its commissions and cuts.
As the name indicates, this kind of transactions, B2B for short, refers to
transactions between two business enterprises. Neither of the two parties
involved are the final consumers. A B2B transaction may involve dealings between
a retailer and a wholesaler, between a raw material supplier and a manufacturer
and a manufacture to retailer. Communication between two business houses is also
a kind of B2B transaction. For example, communication between employees of
different firms using an online medium. The whole process of a finished good
reaching the final consumer may involve multiple business to business
transactions.
Sejarah Perkembangan Teknologi Maklumat
Perkembangan
IT bermula apabila Generasi Komputer Digital wujud. Generasi pertama wujud pada
tahun 1951-1958. Pada ketika itu tiub vakum telah digunakan sebagai elemen logik
utama. Input terhadap komputer menggunakan kad tebuk dan data disimpan dengan
menggunakan storan luaran. Storan dalamannya pula menggunakan drum magnetik.
Aturcara ditulis dalam bahasa mesin dan bahasa himpunan.
Generasi Kedua (1959-1963) menggantikan tiub vakum dengan transistor sebagai elemen logik utama. Pita magnetik dan cakera pula telah menggantikan kat tebuk dan bertindak sebagai peralatan storan luaran. Bahasa pengaturcaraan aras tinggi digunakan untuk membuat aturcara seperti FORTRAN dan COBOL.
Transistor pula telah digantikan dengan litar bersepadu pada era Generasi Ketiga (1964-1979). Pita magnetik dan cakera menggantikan kad tebuk sepenuhnya dan ingatan metal oksida semikonduktur (MOS) diperkenalkan. Bahasa lebih tinggi telah dibangunkan seperti BASIC.
Komputer Generasi Keempat seperti hari ini menggunakan litar bersepadu berskala (LSI dan VLSI). Mikroprosessor mengandungi litar ingatan, logik dan kawalan direka dalam satu cip sahaja. Komputer pribadi mula diperkenalkan oleh Apple (1984) dan IBM (1981) untuk kegunaan di rumah. Sistem pengoperasian MS-DOS digunakan secara meluas. Bahasa pengaturcaraan generasi keempat yang dibangunkan adalah seperti Visual C++ dan Visual Basic dengan ciri-ciri pengguna antaramuka bergrafik.
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